What is project management, and how is it evolving in the age of AI?

Project management focuses on planning tasks and leading teams to reach shared goals. It requires strong communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and other soft skills.

Even relatively simple projects often involve many steps, including:

Project Managers handle these nitty-gritty details so their teams can focus on more specialised tasks. For example, a tech firm might bring in a dedicated Project Manager to plan a mobile app project, while Software Developers concentrate on the actual programming. This division of labour keeps projects moving forward smoothly, without distractions or too many people making decisions.

Organisations in all industries rely on Project Managers to plan and oversee initiatives. In the UK, these professionals contribute an estimated £186.8 billion(opens new window) to the economy. They help companies make strategic decisions — such as how much to invest in a marketing campaign — and use resources efficiently.

Project management professionals work on a wide range of initiatives, even within the same industry. One person might manage the construction of a multi-million-pound hospital, while another oversees software development for medical professionals.

While these undertakings can have very different scopes, they typically follow the same project life cycle. Here are the five stages:

You probably wouldn’t backpack across Europe without a map and a budget — that’s a fast-track to disaster, or at least a stressful trip. Managing projects requires the same kind of thoughtful pre-planning.

During this phase, professionals set project objectives and map out the big-picture steps to achieve them. They also evaluate the project’s feasibility. For instance, a client may want to revamp their entire onboarding process but only have the budget for a new handbook. Figuring out these limitations early helps prevent disappointment and overspending later on.

Initiation also involves:

Project Managers often organise all this information in a project charter. This document helps stakeholders understand exactly what’s involved in the undertaking and the estimated project costs. That way, they can make an educated decision about whether to move forward — or go back to the drawing board.

In the planning phase, Project Managers develop a detailed roadmap for the initiative. This outline should include:

Planning is one of the most time-consuming steps in the project management process, but it’s well worth it. It helps build a strong foundation for the project and prevents serious issues down the line.

For instance, you might realise that a project requires a custom piece of equipment that takes months to order. By spotting this early, you can adjust your schedule and avoid frustrating delays.

Planning also prevents the all-too-common problem of scope creep. Clients often ask for more deliverables, or overachieving team members may take on extra tasks without thinking twice. With a strong plan, you can set boundaries and deliver (only) what you promised.

Once you’ve finished your plan, you’re ready to put your project team to work. This is the core part of the initiative, where everyone comes together to start creating the deliverables.

Every complex project involves a healthy amount of delegation. Consider your project team members’ strengths and interests when assigning tasks. An aspiring leader, for instance, might be eager to plan client meetings. Meanwhile, a Business Analyst may focus on gathering and analysing financial data.

As a Project Manager, you should communicate frequently with all your stakeholders. This might involve a daily standup with the project team, regular status updates, and quarterly reports. By keeping everyone in the loop, you’ll reduce confusion and costly errors.

Tracking is key, too. Obviously, you don’t want to micromanage your project team — that’s bad for morale. But checking their progress and setting smaller milestones will help ensure that everyone stays on track. That way, you can offer support as needed.

Controlling a project may sound harsh, but you’re not turning into Big Brother. This phase simply involves tracking a project’s progress and addressing any roadblocks as a team.

Start by setting key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure project success. If you’re managing a social media campaign, you might track these metrics:

On the other hand, a software development project might focus on cycle time and code quality.

This kind of project monitoring will help you understand your performance and adjust your plan if necessary. For example, consistently poor code quality might mean that it’s time to bring in a more experienced Software Developer.

You should also closely monitor the budget throughout your project. An extra resource here, a little overtime there — these costs can add up quickly. Track all expenses carefully to keep your spending in check.

And don’t forget about the timeline. Even the most experienced Project Managers can’t avoid every delay, such as a natural disaster or a flu outbreak in the office. Be flexible and ready to shuffle around resources or deadlines to keep making progress.

The project isn’t over when you finish your last deliverable. You still need to hand everything over to the client and reflect on what you learned.

Share your project documentation with your client and other stakeholders. This paperwork helps them understand how to manage it moving forward. You may also need to provide hands-on training to set them up for success. Nursing staff, for instance, might need a workshop to learn how to use a new healthcare database.

Evaluate the project's success, too. Here are a few questions to consider:

Schedule a debriefing meeting to discuss these topics with your team and talk about your insights. This step will help you celebrate a successful completion and make your next project plan even better.

There’s no one-size-fits-all project management methodology. It depends on your goals, the industry you’re in, and your team’s strengths. Here are four popular frameworks.

When a river flows down a waterfall, it moves in one direction. Sure, the water might splash up a bit when it hits the bottom, but it never turns around and flies back to the top.

The Waterfall methodology works the same way. The project moves through each phase — from initiation to closure — one step at a time, without ever reversing or repeating phases.

This one-way approach requires a lot of upfront planning to get everything right the first time. But when done well, Waterfall can significantly boost efficiency and productivity. Plus, team members may feel more satisfied when they’re not constantly redoing their work.

Of course, it’s not easy to change a waterfall’s direction. This sequential method works best for simple and predictable projects that don’t require much flexibility.

Agile project management uses an iterative approach to help teams constantly improve their work. Instead of waiting for feedback at the end, they work on tasks in small bursts, get input, and make adjustments as needed.

Software Developers created the Agile method to keep up with their clients' rapidly changing demands. It’s a much more flexible approach than the waterfall method, allowing teams to make changes on the fly.

Consider Agile project management when you need to adapt quickly. It’s a great fit for marketing campaigns, product development, and other collaborative initiatives with lots of moving parts.

Lean project management is a subset of Agile that focuses on conserving resources and improving efficiency. It follows the “just-in-time” principle by delivering only the work that’s needed, when it’s needed. Teams also focus on project tasks that have the most impact instead of getting bogged down in minor details.

Manufacturers originally developed the Lean methodology, but it’s also popular in construction and healthcare. Use this approach when you want to save money without sacrificing value.

Sometimes, no project management framework meets all your needs. The hybrid approach lets you combine principles from different methods to fit your specific project.

This flexible strategy is an excellent option for more complex projects. For example, a hospital might blend Agile’s iterative approach with Lean’s cost-saving measures to create a new waiting room system.

Because every industry needs Project Managers, upskilling in this area can prepare you for new roles and responsibilities. Here are a few essential skills to develop:

Industry-specific knowledge is essential, too. A Project Manager for a website may not need to know every detail of Python, but they should understand enough to help troubleshoot bugs.

Leaders should also follow effective project management practices, including:

Many professionals rely on traditional project management tools. Here are a few favorites:

While these resources are still popular, artificial intelligence tools can help Project Managers work even more efficiently. For example, Notion AI(opens new window) can generate project plans and other content, while Monday.com(opens new window) uses AI to automatically delegate tasks and monitor progress.

Artificial intelligence isn’t just another tech fad. It can help you manage change and lead projects more effectively, especially when you’re juggling dozens of tasks. Here are a few ways this technology can support project management:

A project management office is a team that sets quality standards and policies for projects. It helps Project Managers maintain consistency, even when working on drastically different initiatives. For example, a PMO may require construction and HR projects to follow the same core practices.

AI dashboards allow PMOs to track every project in a centralised place. This makes it easier to spot scope creep or teams that aren’t following company policies, so PMOs can take action quickly.

In 2024, Indeed ranked Project Manager as the top job in the UK(opens new window). These professionals are in demand in many industries(opens new window), including:

Many job titles fall under the umbrella of project management. For example, Operation Delivery Leads(opens new window) earn an average base pay of £60,000 and manage projects across different teams. Meanwhile, a Programme Manager(opens new window) focuses on big-picture strategizing for multiple projects, with an average salary of £61,000.

The Project Management Institute offers numerous certifications and training programmes that teach essential skills. One popular option is the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification(opens new window), which demonstrates expertise in different project management techniques.

A Multiverse apprenticeship is another excellent way to prepare for a project management career. It teaches the latest project management methods and software, including Jira and AI tools. You’ll also gain hands-on experience by planning and executing real projects in your current role.

By the end of the 15-month apprenticeship, you’ll have a portfolio that showcases your skills and mastery of different project management types. The best part? Multiverse programmes are completely free for apprentices.

Successful project management isn’t just about checking off to-do lists and meeting deadlines. It’s an art that helps teams thrive and businesses meet their strategic goals.

Learn how to lead change with Multiverse’s Project Management apprenticeship. This free programme teaches essential project management approaches that you can use to guide initiatives from start to finish. Plus, our AI modules allow you to learn prompt engineering, data analytics, and other in-demand skills.

Ready to kickstart your project management journey? Fill out our quick application(opens new window) today.